International financial organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International financial organisation - Essay Example This will also include marketing tools used by the organisation, customers of the organisation, issues such as customer care, current issues faced by the organisation and control systems used by the organisation. Background of HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited The financial organisation, HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited was developed through the joint venture of international financial institute HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) and SABB (Saudi British Bank). The Saudi Arabian Capital Market Authority (CMA), the controller and regulator of the capital market and stock exchange has provided its sanction to SABB and HSBC in order to create the initial full-service autonomous investment bank in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that has been certified under the new Capital Market Law of Saudi Arabia (HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited, 2011). SWOT Analysis Strength The financial condition of the economy can be evaluated from the overall economic development and expected growth. For the past f ew years, the government of Saudi Arabia has planned for the five year plan and invested in social and physical infrastructure for successfully transforming the economy of Saudi Arabia into a modern state with diversified economy (Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency, 2011). The diversified economic condition with government spending in different segments will strengthen the economy and it will be beneficial for the banking sector. The HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited, with the government planning for the economy, can take advantage out of the economic development. The economic progression of Saudi Arabia market has raised the domestic income and has also enhanced the performance of the banking sector (Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency, 2011). Saudi Arabia has an open policy for foreign investment. This policy of the nation will assist in bringing capital in the country through the banking operations. The HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited can attract foreign direct investments (FDIs) through the policies from foreign clients for the Saudi market. The inflow of foreign currency will assist the bank to increase it operations and also benefit from such activities (EDC, 2011). The stock of ‘foreign direct investment’ in Saudi Arabia was US$ 167 billion in 2009 that rose to US$ 204.3 billion in 2010. Within one year, there has been an increase by US$ 37.30 million. This represents the development of the economy in terms of foreign direct investment of the nation. The stock of foreign direct investment from abroad was US$ 11.41 billion in 2009 that rose to US$ 18 billion in 2010. The increase of foreign direct investment enhances the economy. The banking sector will get benefited from such increase in the investments from foreign and home country. This is a positive sign for HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited to operate in such economy where there are possibilities to increase the foreign investment in the future (Index Mundi, 2011). Marketing Tool HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited has used its â €˜fund management’ schemes to tap the growing economy market. They have a variety of fund management schemes through which they were able to generate huge capital from the Saudi market. This marketing tool is normally implemented according to the

Anorexia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Anorexia - Research Paper Example Anorexia nervosa may be characterized as when a person refuses to maintain his body weight of at least 85% of the expected weight that he should have according to his body mass index. Individuals tend to display a great sense of fear of putting on weight and literally have a phobia of ‘getting fatter’. They may also exhibit a much-distorted image of what is a perfect body type to them and reduce their intake of food to an alarming extent in order to stay thin. Moreover, in many young girls, an irregular menstrual cycle or an absence of the same can be a characteristic of anorexia or even reduced appetite and eating. Many people suffering from anorexia eat in front of other people in order to not let their problem out in the open, but often vomit out their food, exhibiting signs of bulimia, or abuse themselves by taking laxatives to take out the food from their body. Extreme weight loss accompanied with fainting and an abnormal blood count is the first symptoms of the eat ing disorder and if parents see these signs in their children then they should be alarmed and take necessary recourse in order to counter the problem.There are societies where it is alright to be thin and anorexia as an eating disorder is not given much thought to because parents think it alright for their children to lose weight and look good in society. Losing weight by exercising while eating necessary healthy foods is a perfectly viable option for a young adult but in no society should suffering from an eating disorder be considered okay.

Water Sources Assessment for Edo State, Nigeria

Water Sources Assessment for Edo State, Nigeria AN ASSESSMENT OF WATER SOURCES FOR DOMESTIC USES IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA BY  *OKADIGWE L.O.  And  **DR. EFE, S.I. Abstract The study was carried out to assess the water sources for domestic uses in Edo State, by carrying out a survey of households in Ugo, Ebele, Igueben and Urhonigbe. Data were collected using various methods which included observations, oral interviews and questionnaires. On the whole, one hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were administered on heads of householder. Information were gathered on various sources of water, those provided by the government, distances they go, the cost they buy water, the people who are involved in water collection and what the government should do to help in alleviating their problems. The findings have shown that generally, one major source is rain water stored in wells. From the study almost all the respondents said they fetch water from their domestic uses from dug out wells which their roofs help during the rains for them to trapped and store in underground hand-dug wells. The nearest stream is at Umutu, which is about 20 kilometer away in Delta Sta te. There were only four families with water boreholes for commercial purposes. These water vendors sell water at N5 per ten litres. This is out of the reach of many people in this community to satisfy their water demands. The water board was observed to be non-functional. Reasons advanced by the respondents were poor power supply, inadequate operators, breakdown of equipment and poor maintenance. In conclusion, in Urhonigbe in Edo State of Nigeria, the sources of water for domestic uses are inadequate. There is every likelihood that even the existing water from the dugout wells will be contaminated and not portable. It is therefore recommended that the Edo State government through the state water Board should assist in water supply development in Ugo, Ebele, Igueben, Urhonigbe town to ease the sufferings of the ruralites especially the women and children whose daily chores is providing water for domestic uses. They should equally make the water portable in order to make for good he alth all these are what this study has looked into. Introduction Water use varies considerably around the world depending on the availability of water and the degree of industrialization. However, water use can be classified into four broad categories: Domestic use Agricultural use Industrial use and In-stream use Water is important for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. The study of water and the means by which it may be obtained and controlled for use is of utmost importance to the welfare of mankind, Lapades (1974). About 70% of the earth is covered by water, which is the next most abundant resource after, air, water is the only natural resource founding three states of matter, (gas, liquid and solid) (Ifabiyi, 2000). Apart from air, water is the most important resources to man. He can survive longer without food than without water. Man requires water for cooking drinking, washing, general sanitation (Ayoade and Oyebande, 1983), based on this Charley and Hagget (1969) has stressed that the availability of water has been important in sitting of human settlements and in the development of towns and cities. The use of water from drinking and household needs ranges from washing, cooking, bathing and for flushing of toilets and for general hygiene (Jennings, 1980). It is universally accepted that an adequate supply of water for drinking, personal hygiene and other domestic purposes is essential to public health and well-being. According to a United Nations publication, on water security 2004, they posited that 1.2 billion people live on less than one U.S. dollar a day and over 2.3 billion live on the equivalent of two U.S dollar or less. These people, who are in millions are of the world’s poor, use less water directly or indirectly but depend upon its resources for their livelihoods for more than the rest of us, out of the 500 million people living in sub-Saharan African the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (1990), revealed that about 256 million lacked safe water for use. This situation is worse in some drought affected areas where renewable fresh water has dropped per person by more than 65% over the past 40 years (Ifabiyi, 2000). It is a well known fact that large numbers of people in Nigeria, most of them living in rural areas, do not have access to safe and reliable source of water. The average daily requirement of an adult for alimentation only is 2.5 liters (Isaac, 1965). Under the tropical conditions, the amount may be double. In addition much greater quantities are required for domestic activities. Total domestic water needs in home with piped water and inside sanitation is at least 115 liters per head per day. Study Area The total population figure of Edo State by 2006 as given by national Population Commission is 3,117,852 showing that the need for water will be high. In the rural communities in Edo State, there are various sources through which water are got for domestic uses. This main objective for this study is an assessment of sources of water for domestic uses in Edo State. This study focuses on the assessment of water sources for domestic uses in some towns in Edo State. Methodology Data for this study were collected through primary sources, which consisted of personal observation, oral interview and questionnaire administration. On the whole one hundred and sixty questionnaires were administered on the respondents in Ugo, Ebele, Iguben and Urhonigbe which were selected rural villages in Edo State based on the severity of water problems. Random sampling techniques were applied. A total of one hundred and sixty questionnaires were administered on the basis of forty to each rural community. The data gathered were presented in tables expressed percentages. The biological characteristics of the quality of water from these rural communities were analyzed with the most probable scientific methods. Various Sources of Domestic Water Rural areas in Edo state, Nigeria have several sources of water which are used for domestic purposes. The sources vary from natural sources like from rivers, streams, rain water, dugout wells, boreholes and in few cases pipe born waters. These rural communities rely on various sources for their households needs as water is for daily need and throughout the year. The study revealed that the main source of water for domestic use is from dug well in which water from rainfall gathered from the roof. Surface Water These are waters which are found in streams, rivers, lakes, springs, dams and shallow wells. Surface water is the commonest water in the rural villages in the developing countries. Women and children get up early in the morning to go to fetch water for domestic uses in these villages. One major problem is that most of these surface waters are polluted all along the path ways through which the flow. People have their baths wash their clothes, cooking utensils and even some abattoirs are close to them which help in polluting and making the water unsafe for drinking and utilization for other domestic purposes. Ground Water Resources Groundwater is an important part of the hydrologic cycle, but it lies beneath the surface, beyond the soil-moisture root zones. It is tied to surface supplies through pores in soil and rock. Ground water is the largest potential of fresh water source in the hydrologic cycle-larger than all surface lakes and streams combined. About 50% of the U.S Population derives a portion of its fresh water from ground water sources. Between 1950 and 1995, annual ground water withdrawal increased to 150%. In some states such as Nebraska ground water supplies 85% of water need and as high as 100% in rural areas, Robert (2002). Despite this volume and its obvious importance groundwater is widely abused by pollution and over consumption in quantities beyond natural replenishment rates. In Canada, about 6 million people (two-third of them live in rural areas) rely on ground water for domestic needs. In many ways ground water is better than surface water. It is available in many parts of the world that lack dependable surface runoff. Whereas surface supplies are affected by short term drought, groundwater is generally free of sediment colour, and pathogenic (disease) organism, although, polluted ground water conditions are considered irreversible. Ground water movement is controlled by the slope of the water table. Ground water is one source of water but it is not very common yet in the rural areas because of the cost of sinking. Rainwater Harvesting Techniques Edo State is not endowed so much with surface water. In rural area of Nigeria, water is traditionally, managed for two major purpose namely domestic consumption and agriculture. The techniques of water harvesting are micro-catchments and roof collection (Olokesusi, 2004). With reference to roof collection techniques, until the advent of western containers such as plastic sand metal African typically collected rain water from roof-tops with the aid of calabashes, and earthen ware pots. These objects are merely placed below the roof eaves and the water drops into them. Another traditional collection techniques, involved the construction of sliced bamboo gutters along the roof eaves, through which the water flows into calabashes and earthen pots. The water would then be taken into homes for domestic uses. Rural Water Treatment In many rural areas of in parts of Edo State water used in homes especially those for drinking area treated in various ways at the level they understand. Whenever surface water has been collected it is allowed to stand for some hours before it is decanted into earthen pots for storage. Some add alum in other to pull down sediments in the water to the bottom of the container after which they use some add ash and only a few boil cool before they use as drinking water. Results Table I: Water use and Sources in the Sample Communities Source of water Location Ugo Ebele Igueben Urhonigbe No % No % No % No % Rain water 10 25 14 35 6 15 8 20 Well 25 62.5 20 50 30 75 28 70 Stream 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bore holes 3 7.5 6 15 4 10 4 10 Public pump 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 Source: survey data, Feb. 2009. In the four rural areas studied, water stored in the well is commonly used for domestic purposes in Edo State, In order of usage Igueben recorded (75%), Urhonigbe (70%), Ugo (62.5), and Ebele (50%) respectively(see table 1). Only a few uses bore hole and also since state surface water is very scare no respondent mentioned stream as a water source in Ebele, Igueben and Urhonighe. Public pump were not mentioned at all. This is because in many places in Edo State surface water is lacking and is a manor problem for the people residing in these villages. Table II: Local methods of storing water by the respondents Water storage method No % Dugout wells 70 43.75 Clay earthen wares 50 37.5 Plastic tanks 20 12.5 Kegs/ 20 liters and 10 liters 10 6.25 Total 160 100% Source: Survey data Feb, 2009. Local methods used for storing water as gathered from the respondents are dugout well (43.75%), clay earthen wares (37.5%), plastic tanks (12.5%) and kegs of different sizes (6.25%). There is revelation that traditional was of storing and preserving water in the rural areas of Edo State is not being combined with the modern types. For instance one of the respondents interviewed mentioned that if many of the ruralites can afford plastic water tanks that they prefer it to earthen wares which break up easily. Table 3: Cost of Water for Domestic Uses on Daily Bases Cost No of Results Percentage N5 14 8.8 N10 41 25.6 N20 53 33.1 N30 32 20 N40 and above 20 12.5 Total 160 100% Source: Survey data Feb., 2009. It is evident from table 3 that most people spend an average of N20.00 daily to buy water. Thirty two people spend N30.00; forty one respondents agreed that they spend N10.00 daily to buy water. The implication of these expenses is that these rural inhabitants spent between N300.00 to N900.00 and these are predominately peasant farmers. Table 4: Causes of water shortage Causes of water shortage No of Respondents % Government neglect 97 61 Low rainfall 8 5 Absence of surface water 32 20 Few private scheme 23 14 Total 160 100% Source: Survey data Feb. 2009. Table 3 revealed that the government neglect is the major cause of water shortage accounting for 61 percent of responses followed by absence of surface water that accounted 20 percent. Few private borehole schemes accounted for 14.4 percent and low rainfall 5 percent. Quality of Water in the Rural Area of Edo State The rainwater quality in the four rural areas of Edo state showed satisfactory concentration in their physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. This is because they fell with 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) safe limits for domestic water (see Onotu, 2006), thus it should be harvested, stored and use as alternative source of water for domestic uses since there is virtually the absent of hand-dug wells in these rural communities. The absent of hand dug wells in these rural areas could be attributed the topography of the area which is over 150 feet. The well is rain fed types, where gutter is connected round the roof and a ridge is connected from the gutter to the cemented wells. Nevertheless the rain water need slight purification methods (through traditional and scientific approaches) should be adopted in terms of its pH, Zn and Fe concentration. The detail method could be seen (Efe, 2006 and Origho, 2009). However the quality of the rain water stored in those wells d epreciates with times, the residents adopt the addition of Alum, this actually only allows the suspended substance or particles to settle down. According to Efe (2006) the water quality stored in rain fed wells depreciate by 2% on monthly basis, and gives room for the growth of pathogens. Similarly long storage the rain water makes the quality of the water from these wells vulnerable to bacterial. For instance high concentration of total coliform 1.2 -2.3MPN/100ml and faecal coliform (0.23-1.00) were found in over 40% of the rain fed water samples. And the water is characterized with high level of total dissolve substance (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity. The water quality was observed in open wells and those covered with leaf and thatches. Conclusion and Recommendation In conclusion in Edo State of Nigeria, the sources of water for domestic uses are inadequate. There is ever likelihood, that even the existing water from the dug-out wells which almost of the household have and water stored in plastic tanks which were from rainfall harvesting will be contaminated. Water born disease will be prevalent and the sanitary level will be very low. It is therefore recommended that the Edo State Government, through the state water Board should assist in the water supply development in the State to ease the suffering of the women and their children whose duty on a daily basis is to provide water in various homes in the various areas studied. They should equally make the water potable by adopting some purification methods in order to make for good health and healthy living in these rural environments. REFERENCES Aderibighe, S.A., Awoyemi, A.O. and Osagbemi, G.K. 2008. â€Å"Availability, Adequacy and Quality of Water Supply in Ilorin Metropolis†, Nigeria, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 23. No 4. Anyadike, R.N. 1984. â€Å"Managing Nigeria’s Water Resources Through Pollution Control†, paper presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the N.G.A. University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Ayoade, J.O. and Oyebande, B.L., 1985. In a Geography of Nigerian Development ed, by Oeuntoyinbo et al published by Heinemann Educational Books (Nig), Ltd, Ibadan. Efe, S. I. (2006) Quality of Rainwater Harvesting for Rural Communities of Delta State, Nigeria. The Environmentalist, vol. 26, pp.175-181 Onotu, E, (2006) Quality of Surface Water in Edo State, Nigeria. Unpublished B.Sc Dissertation in the Dept. of Geography and Regional planning, Delta State University, Abraka, pp23-45 Origho, T. (2009) Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting in Ughelli delta State , Nigeria, Unpublished M.Sc Dissertation Dept. of Geography and Regional Planning, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria pp16-67

European Disease in the New World Essay -- American America History

European Disease in the New World Humans possess an innate curiosity that drives us to explore the unknown. Documentation of exploration by sea goes as far back as 3200 B.C., when Pharaoh Snefru brought 40 ships from Byblus to Phoenicia, followed by the first recorded expedition of exploration from Egypt in 2750 B.C, (http://www.mariner.org/age/histexp.html). Events such as these would eventually give way to a period of vigorous exploration known as the Age of Exploration. At the height of the Age of Exploration in the early fifteenth century, European nations became poised to expand their influence to the rest of the world. Due to their remarkable programs of sustained and systematic exploration, they were well equipped for countless expeditions driven by the desire for fortune and conquest, often disguised by a religious agenda. What resulted in their efforts, however, was not the enlightenment of a people, but rather, the transformation, and in some cases, the destruction of the cultures that these Europeans "disc overed." They brought more than materials, technologies, and i...

Qualitative Research Methodologies Essay

Veal (2000) has described research a â€Å"systematic and careful inquiry ands search for the truth† or an investigation into a subject to discover facts. Research is collection of methods, tools and techniques for acquiring knowledge. The nature of research is to discover and explain and answer the unanswered questions. Qualitative methodology focuses on â€Å"quality† a term referring to the essence or ambience of something (Anastas, 1999). Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena. They are suitable to seek knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of a phenomenon under study. Types of Qualitative Methodologies Case-Study Research Methodology Case study as a â€Å"realistic† methodology, which deals with solid and specific questions. Case study translates research question into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing meaning of a phenomenon. Observation Research Methodology Scott (2001) has described observation an effective way of finding out about people in their particular environment. Observational research method provides understanding of interaction between marketers and users, exploring members interaction in an organisation and understanding norms in a community. Ethnographic Research Methodology According to Garson (1998) ethnography is the study of cultural groupings. It concentrates on close field observation of socio-cultural phenomena. Ethnographic research is a holistic approach that tries to understand a culture through the members of given culture. Quantitative Research Methodologies Quantitative research is gathering data in quantity. The goal of the quantitative research approach is to find out the truth by using statistical procedure. Hara (1995) has pointed out that quantitative methodology allows readers to understand facts easily by looking at charts and graphs. The use of statistics reduces contradictions, which may exist in research. Morgan (2000) has mentioned that â€Å"quantification† allows accuracy of statements by providing facts and figures with precision. Absence of one will make the other incomprehensible. It is assumed that quantitative methodologies are more logical and more comprehensible than qualitative methodology for this reason. descriptive, experimental, quasi-experimental Methodologies. Data Collection However for this research the most appropriate method for this study is case study as this study is comparison of these two cities based on the data and facts obtained from different libraries, books, journals, newspapers and census department to answer the questions below. †¢ How history and geographical location influence their development? †¢ What are the current economic figures of the cities? †¢ How much progress these cities have made in trade, commerce health education and sanitation systems? †¢ What is the role of geography and location in the development of urban cities?

A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius Essay

A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius is a great name for this novel because it is heartbreaking. One of the key features of this novel and one of my favorite parts is the way in which Eggers writes. He uses this stream consciousness writing style which basically means he writes what he thinks. This type of writing really connected with me because Eggers doesn’t just tell you what happened in his life but he makes you feel it. Much of what happens to Eggers is heart wrenching, made my stomach turn, and my heart pound. Eggers is the main character in this really horrific story that deals with the death of both his parents and his life afterward. I think that I liked this novel because it really deals with death in a very real and raw way. Often, authors attempt to sugar coat the idea of death and everyone who has ever experienced death knows that it is messy physically and emotionally. When the Egger brothers lose their parents so close together it really effected me. I had to wonder what would happen to me and my siblings if and when my parents die. Many people think that a child only becomes an adult after they lose their parents. I think about Dave and how long it really took him to become an adult. Dave has a really witty, and sarcastic narration. He writes and gives a whole lot of detail. I think when Dave talks about his relationship with his younger brother and more importantly his ability to parents it both humorous and also disturbing. Dave writes about things that were not only milestones in his life but also in mine. For example he talks all about the idea of exhibitionism and the idea of reality television. He writes about his experiences auditioning for MTV’s Real World. I think this is really important because I live in a world that really likes reality yet this reality television is real at all. I think that is what Dave’s writing really emphasizes – the idea of appearance versus reality. Dave really does a great job of catching the spirit of youth. The idea that young adults have all the freedom in the world to do and be whatever they want. At the same time we have so many societal pressures that can lead to misbehavior, addiction, and abandonment. This book is considered a memoir and not exactly an autobiography. He shows how the human memory works. It is not literal it is full of imperfections and non-facts, and full real emotion. Our memories, like Dave explains, are just as real as any real thing that has happened. Humans remember in exaggerated fashion, emotions become more intense or fade. In the end this is a story about one man’s memory of how he lost his parents and tried to find his life. This book is not beautifully written. It is full of grammatic errors, and run ons. But it is the perfect metaphor for the human mind, memory, and ultimately life is imperfect, heartbreaking, and genius.

The Constituion Essays - Religion And Politics, State Religion

The Constituion Essays - Religion And Politics, State Religion The Constituion A case for the connection of America?s colonial and revolutionary religious and political experiences to the basic principles of the Constitution can be readily made. One point in favor of this conclusion is the fact that most Americans at that time had little beside their experiences on which to base their political ideas. This is due to the lack of advanced schooling among common Americans at that time. Other points also concur with the main idea and make the theory of the connection plausible. Much evidence to support this claim can be found in the wording of the Constitution itself. Even the Preamble has an important idea that arose from the Revolutionary period. The first line of the Preamble states, "We the People of the United States..." This implies that the new government that was being formed derived its sovereignty from the people, which would serve to prevent it from becoming corrupt and disinterested in the people, as the framers believed Britain?s government had become. If the Bill of Rights is considered, more supporting ideas become evident. The First Amendment?s guarantee of religious freedom could have been influenced by the colonial tradition of relative religious freedom. This tradition was clear even in the early colonies, like Plymouth, which was formed by Puritan dissenters from England seeking religious freedom. Roger Williams, the proprietor of Rhode Island, probably made an even larger contribution to this tradition by advocating and allowing complet e religious freedom. William Penn also contributed to this idea in Pennsylvania, where the Quakers were tolerant of other denominations. In addition to the tradition of religious tolerance in the colonies, there was a tradition of self-government and popular involvement in government. Nearly every colony had a government with elected representatives in a legislature, which usually made laws largely without interference from Parliament or the king. Jamestown, the earliest of the colonies, had an assembly, the House of Burgesses, which was elected by the property owners of the colony. Maryland developed a system of government much like Britain?s, with a representative assembly, the House of Delegates, and the governor sharing power. The Puritan colony in Massachusetts originally had a government similar to a corporate board of directors with the first eight stockholders, called "freemen" holding power. Later, the definition of "freemen" grew to include all male citizens, and the people were given a strong voice in their own government. This tradition of religious and political autonomy continued into the revolutionary period. In 1765, the colonists convened the Stamp Act Congress, which formed partly because the colonists believed that the government was interfering too greatly with the colonies? right to self-government. Nine colonies were represented in this assembly. The Sons of Liberty also protested what they perceived to be excessive interference in local affairs by Parliament, terrorizing British officials in charge of selling the hated stamps. Events like these served to strengthen the tradition of self-government that had become so deeply embedded in American society. The from of government specified by the Constitution seems to be a continuation of this tradition. First, the Constitution specifies a federal system of government, which gives each individual state the right to a government. Second, it specifies that each state shall be represented in both houses of Congress. The lower house, the House of Representative, furthermore, is to be directly elected by the people. If the Bill of Rights is considered, the religious aspect of the tradition becomes apparent. The First Amendment states, "Congress may make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...," showing that, unlike the British government, the new US government had no intention of naming or supporting a state church or suppressing any religious denominations. In conclusion, the Constitution?s basic principles are directly related to the long tradition of self-rule and religious tolerance in colonial and revolutionary America.

The Dark Knight and The Matrix neo-noir characteristics Essays

The Dark Knight and The Matrix neo-noir characteristics Essays The Dark Knight and The Matrix neo-noir characteristics Paper The Dark Knight and The Matrix neo-noir characteristics Paper The Dark Knight and The Matrix neo-noir characteristics Both movies show neo-noir characteristics though both production and story elements. Production elements such as the dark scenes throughout the movie are used to show the contrasting sides to the story. Within both movies it also shows that a friend of the main character dies, and it shows how this may be devastating to the character however they avoid showing emotion or grief as they are determined to finish their quest and do what is right. These characteristics are vital for creating an nagging neo-noir film. The scenes in the matrix were mostly dark when going through out the movie and they show a kind of dark green tint in the movie. There were other parts to the movie that were lighter but there was not many and when there were it was only for a small moments within the movie. The darker parts to the movie showed another side to the movie but it made the movie more contrasting and unexpected. The Dark Knight showed darker scenes because of the main character, Batman who fights crime In a dark and mysterious way. The matrix used the contrasting lighting to show how the light and happy matrix Is a veil over our eyes and the dark real world scenes show the horrifying truth. The dark shades In both movies makes them similar production wise but also very mysterious. In the movie The Dark Knight a friend of the mall character dies (Rachel) and It turns the way the character acts with people around him. Batman only had the choice to go after one either his friend and ex-lover which he cares much for, or Harvey Dent, Asthmas savior. He goes for the character he knows Is more important. In the end he did not grieve that much even though he did truly cared about Rachel. Batman knew he must simply accept It till he has completed his goal at fighting and doing what he Intended to do from the beginning. Within the matrix friends of the mall character Neo Is killed. The characters within the movie do not grieve they Just move on In the hopes of completing their goal of stopping the enemy and saving the day. This Is an Important neo-noel element shown within both films The Dark knight and the Matrix both shows a lot of Neo Noel elements Including a hearted that dies who Is a close friend of the mall character, they grieve but for not that long however they are still determined to continue their quest. Both movies also show noir production elements such as the lighting effects to contrast between the different sides of the story and to create a dark and mysterious atmosphere, the techniques that were displayed In both films are comparable with those of noel films and are considered Neo Noel films because of that. The Dark Knight and The Matrix neo-noir characteristics By brownness wowed darker scenes because of the main character, Batman who fights crime in a light and happy matrix is a veil over our eyes and the dark real world scenes show the horrifying truth. The dark shades in both movies makes them similar production In the movie The Dark Knight a friend of the main character dies (Rachel) and it Harvey Dent, Asthmas savior. He goes for the character he knows is more about Rachel. Batman knew he must simply accept it till he has completed his goal at fighting and doing what he intended to do from the beginning. Within the matrix rinds of the main character Neo is killed. The characters within the movie do not grieve they Just move on in the hopes of completing their goal of stopping the enemy and saving the day. This is an important neo-noir element shown within both films The Dark knight and the Matrix both shows a lot of Neo Noir elements including a character that dies who is a close friend of the main character, they grieve but for not techniques that were displayed in both films are comparable with those of noir films and are considered Neo Noir films because of that.

What Is CTY at Johns Hopkins Complete Guide

What Is CTY at Johns Hopkins Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips CTY, or Center for Talented Youth, at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) offers an assortment of resources to gifted students. These resources include summer programs and courses, written resources, community awards/recognition, and college counseling. The first step to many of the CTY programs is registering for the Talent Search. Even the programs that are open to everyone give priority to students who participated in the Talent Search. For your convenience, we’ve compiled everything here into one magnificent blog entry guide. I recommend reading it all the way through, but if you only want to read one particular section, you can pick it out from the Table of Contents. I'll start off by going in depth into the Talent Search and then mention other programs along with links if you want more information than I give in this article. feature image credit: Lanyard by Kevin Wong, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Table of Contents CTY Talent Search: A Primer Talent Search Participants Only Programs Family Academic Programs Recognition Ceremonies Programs Open To Everyone Who Qualifies (Not Just Talent Search Participants) Summer Programs CTY Online Study of Exceptional Talent Other CTY Resources Tips for CTY Actions To Take What Is the CTY Talent Search? The CTY website calls its Talent Search the "gateway to CTY†...meaning, I think, that the Talent Search is the portal through which many students experience CTY programs. Since there are different Talent Searches for each CTY International program, I'm going to limit my discussion to the U.S. Talent Search (including those students who apply to the U.S. Talent Search internationally). The CTY Talent Search involves the following steps: Step 1: If you're eligible for the Talent Search (more on that next), register with CTY Talent Search. Step 2: Next, you select the test that’s right for you, register for that, and take it. Step 3: After you get your score report, CTY sends you a Certificate of Participation as well as a list of other CTY programs your score qualifies you for. Step 4: If you're not satisfied with your score, or your score is too low for the programs you want to participate in, you can retest at a later date. Who’s Eligible for the CTY Talent Search? The CTY Talent Search is open to all 2nd-8th graders who qualify by: Scoring 95th percentile (or higher) on a nationally normalized test. Examples of these tests include the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children or any of the Woodcock Johnson Tests. Scoring 95th percentile (or higher) on any other the other qualifying state tests. Examples of these tests include the NY Statewide Testing Program or the California Standards Test. Displaying superior academic performance. This criterion is ONLY for students without standardized test scores. In order to qualify under this criterion, you must display superior math and critical reasoning abilities. For more on Talent Search eligibility for 2nd-8th graders, go to the CTY's website. What if you're in 9th grade or above? Unfortunately, students in grades 9-12 are too old to qualify for the Talent Search; instead, to gain access to CTY programs, they must either take the qualifying tests (SAT, ACT, Advanced SCAT, or STB) on their own or go through the Diagnostic and Counseling Center. I'll talk a little bit more about the DCC later in this article. Where Do You Apply for CTY? You can apply for the Talent Search online. When Does the CTY Talent Search Happen? For CTY purposes, the academic year is July 1-June 30, so to qualify for CTY for the next school year you should apply after July 1st (more on deadlines here). It's also not just about when you apply to CTY - your test dates also determine your eligibility. What do I mean by this? Let's say you apply to CTY at the end of your 7th grade year (e.g. June 19th), but don’t take the SCAT, STB, SAT, ACT, etc until after July 1st. Because you took your qualifying test after July 1st, CTY will consider you an 8th grader and require you to meet 8th grade score requirements for all programs and recognition ceremonies, even though you technically registered while you were in 7th grade. I have more information on specific SAT and ACT score requirements here. Calendar* by Dafne Chole, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Why Should You Do the CTY Talent Search? What do students get out of the CTY Talent Search? One perk is the opportunity to take what Duke calls â€Å"above-level† tests (that is, you take the SAT or ACT before you're in high school) and compare your results with similarly gifted peers. Why is this helpful? It can give you information early on about areas you might want to further develop and give you a preview of the test-taking process. For instance, let's say you take the SAT as a 7th grader and score a 300 on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, which is below par compared to your peers in CTY. You'll know that you have to work on that skill, and as a result be able to better plan with your family for high school and the college admissions process. If you just took the SAT as a 7th grader without taking part in the Talent Search, you would not have the opportunity to know how you stack up against other students in your grade and age group; instead, you would end up being compared to much older students, which doesn't really tell you anything about where you should be now. Taking part in the Talent Search also opens up opportunities to enroll in CTY programs, like Family Academic Programs. Even programs for which the Talent Search is not a mandatory prerequisite, like Academic Explorations or CTY Online,give preference to students who are Talent Search participants. CTY Talent Search participants also gain access to a wide variety of other resources. I'll discuss these resources later on in more detail. Finally, there's the recognition of your prowess at the (aptly named) Award Ceremonies. At year-end ceremonies, CTY recognizes the highest scorers on the SAT or ACT out of all the Talent Search participants. We have more information about these ceremonies in our articles about the SAT and ACT score requirements to qualify, but for now, I'll just say that it is usually gratifying to get special recognition for your talent. It's not just about the medal (although you do get one at the Award Ceremonies)- it's knowing that other people value your hard work. Devil's Advocate: When Should You NOT Apply to CTY at Johns Hopkins? IF... ...you don’t care about taking college entrance exams early, OR ...you don’t have any interest in taking part in any of the CTY programs or using any of their other resources, THEN it might not be worth it to do CTY at Johns Hopkins. Why? Most colleges don’t care about what you did in elementary or middle school, unless it was something truly spectacular, like qualifying for the Olympic Games or playing a solo concert in Carnegie Hall. Bottom line:if you’re going to use the resources and take advantage of the programs open to you through CTY, then do it. If not, save your money (and time). How Much Does CTY Cost? To enroll in the CTY Talent Search, there is a fee of $44 if you live in the United States, or $57 if you are an international student. In addition, you must pay test fees (currently $50.50 for the ACT without writing and $47.50 for the SAT without essay). Disclaimer: all costs mentioned here and in the rest of the article are as of the time this article was published- it's possible that they may change in the future, so be sure to double check before making a budget around these numbers. Can You Get Financial Aid? Yes. If you qualify for free or reduced school lunches and are US permanent resident, then CTY will reduce your Talent Search application fee to $10 (from $44) and provide you with a voucher to waive your test fees for one test session (either the SAT or ACT). For more information about financial aid for the Talent Search, as well as for other CTY programs, go to this site. Unfortunately, there is no financial aid for international students available through CTY. In addition to need-based aid, CTY also provides scholarships to students already part of CTY through the CTY Scholars program. Talent Search Only: Family Academic Programs Family Academic Programs at Johns Hopkins’ Center for Talented Youth are designed for students andtheir families or guardians. The programs range from all-day or overnight programs to extended (week-long) educational explorations. Costs vary widely, depending on the length of the program and what it involves. Just from the research I did for this article, it seems like there are a bunch of amazing opportunities in all sorts of areas for students and families alike (not that I'm jealous or anything, but upcoming programs includetraveling to Morocco!). As far as I can tell, Family Academic Programs are open to all studentsand their families, with no score requirements; however, if I find out that this is wrong I'll update this article accordingly. Return to Table of Contents Talent Search Only: Award Ceremonies CTY recognizes exceptionally high scoring students at award ceremonies at the end of each year. These students are 7th and 8th graders with qualifying scores, as well as students who are part of the Study of Exceptional Talent. While you must play for your own transportation and accommodations, the ceremonies themselves are free of charge. There are multiple regional Award Ceremonies every spring, located in various cities throughout the U.S., China, and in Hong Kong. I discuss what the score qualifications are for these ceremonies in SAT- and ACT-requirement articles, but basically these ceremonies are for 7th and 8th graders who participated in the Talent Search and scored extremely well on the SAT or ACT. In addition to the regional Award Ceremonies, CTY also has an international awards ceremony called the Grand Ceremony, held every year at John Hopkins' Shriver Hall. This ceremony recognizes the absolute top scoring students from the Talent Search and includes all students who are part of the Study of Exceptional Talent. Return to Table of Contents No.1_blue_ribbon by Oldbeeg, used under CC BY-SA 3.0/Resized from original. The following series of resources and programs are open to all qualified students, including those who did not participate in the Talent Search. But caveat emptor: at least for their summer programs, CTY explicitly states that â€Å"when we assign students to courses, we assign returning students first, then Talent Search participants, and then other applicants.† (bolding mine) Summer Programs There are multiple summer programs offered through CTY, offered in multiple locations across the US and in Hong Kong. Some are entirely course-based (Academic Explorations, Intensive Study, and Global Issues at Princeton), providing an opportunity for advanced students to challenge themselves with academic endeavors in the company of similarly advanced peers. Another program, the Civic Leadership Institute, offers courses in combination with real world experience, allowing students to work with actual communities and grapple with the issues facing them today. Who can take part in these summer programs? Any students in grades 2-12 who qualify (again, more about qualifying scores in these articles). Students in grades 2-4 are only eligible for the day programs, while students in grades 5-12 can do the residential programs. The summer programs tend to run from the end of June to the beginning of August, with varying tuition costs depending on the program content and locations. Return to Table of Contents CTYOnline CTY Onlineprovides online courses (including courses you can take at your own pace) year-round to students withâ€Å"outstanding academic ability.† If your high school does not have any advanced classes in a particular subject area, they may allow you to take CTYOnlinecourses for credit. Alternatively, some students useCTYOnline courses as a way to prepare for AP, IB, or SAT II tests. Out of all the programs through CTY at Johns Hopkins, CTYOnline courses are open to the widest age-range of students,from Pre-K students all the way up to 12th graders. The qualifications, of course, differ depending on age. In order to be eligible for the program, exceptional Pre-K through 1st graders need to have at least part of apsychoeducational assessment. Students in grades 2-8 who took part in the Talent Search must meet the SAT or ACT score requirements; if they didn't test in time through the Talent Search, they must apply for provisional admission. Students in grades 9-12 must submit official score reports for the SAT, ACT, or PSAT, or go through the Diagnostic and Counseling Center. So how much does this cost? The application fee is $15 (with an additional $20 charge if you are an international student), and courses range in cost from$370 for the Spanish Reader’s Workshop up to $1865 for AP Chinese Language and Culture (prices taken from most recent course listing). Visit the CTY Online websiteto read more about the program and see if you qualify to take CTYOnline courses. Return to Table of Contents Feedback checklist by AJC ajcann.wordpress.com, used under CC BY-SA 2.0. Study of Exceptional Talent The Study of Exceptional Talent, or SET, is open to students who scored extraordinarily well on the SAT at an early age (up to 13 years 10 months). We have more information on how the score requirements work in our article on SAT score requirements for CTY, but the short version is that if you took the SAT before age 13 and got ≠¥ 700 on Math or Verbal (either Critical Reading on the old SAT or Evidence-Based Reading and Writing on the new SAT), you're eligible for the SET. So what is the SET, exactly? SET is a free program that provides counseling, opportunities to interact with other similarly gifted students, access to CTY resources like the SET Precollege Newsletter, and supplemental letters of recommendation for students applying to college or competitive high schools/prep schools. Return to Table of Contents Other CTY Resources The Diagnostic and Counseling Center at CTY provides educational counseling and assessment services to all students. Students in grades PreK-1 and 9-12 may go through the DCC in order to qualify for CTY programs. In addition to assisting students in qualifying for CTY, the DCC also provides educational consultations for families who wish to discuss strategies and educational plans for their gifted child(ren). Depending on the service, the DCC provides assistance online, over the phone, or on the Johns Hopkins University campus. CTY's Imagine magazineresources provides information to all CTY students about academic competitions, academic summer programs, internships, distance learning resources, early college entrance programs, career exploration resources, and research resources. Return to Table of Contents Getting Into CTY: Cool (Free) Tips, Yay! That was maybe not one of my better reverse-engineered-acronyms, but more important than my failed acronym-ing: I've made up a list of helpful hints to boost your chances of getting into CTY's Talent Search and other CTY programs. If you haven’t done particularly well on school standardized tests within the last two years, take a look into some of the other test options. Maybe an IQ test would be a better way to identify your talent and potential. If you’re waffling between doing the Talent Search and waiting until later to apply to other CTY programs, definitely consider participating in the Talent Search. As I've said before, there are some programs and resources that are only available to students who took part in the Talent Search, and even the resources available to all students give priority to Talent Search participants. If you don't do well on the SAT or ACT when you take it through the Talent Search, you can always retest later. When you've started the 7th Grade Talent Search process, don’t forget to study for the SAT/ACT. Why? Because while CTY is just using the SAT or ACT as a sorting mechanism, if you blow it off, it could prevent you from getting into a summer studies program that you totally deserve to attend (or at the very least cause you to have to retake the test in order to qualify). At the very minimum, you need to be familiar with the test structure and timing. How can you do this? Take a practice test to gauge where you are, then use this information to determine the amount you have to improve. Know how much time you have to study so you can plan your prep accordingly. For more advice along these lines, read our articles on if you should take the SAT or the ACT in 7th grade. Return to Table of Contents Actions To Take #1: Find out which of the accepted tests you’ve taken and what your scores were, including your composite scores on these tests. Because you can only upload one score with your Talent Search application, you want to be sure you're choosing and uploading your best test score. #2: Once you get into the Talent Search Program, study for the SAT or ACT. #3: Make sure to keep an eye on the Talent Search deadlines for updates on the 2018-2019 school year information, including when enrollment begins again. #4: If after reading this article you're still not sure if the Talent Search is right for you, read more about it on the Talent Search website, or go to the CTY website to find out more about their other programs. Thought plus action by Ben Tesch, used under CC BY 2.0. What’s Next? Find out more about CTY programs with SAT and/or ACT score requirements. Want to compare CTY with comparable programs? Read our articles about Duke TIP's 7th Grade Talent Search, Summer Institute for the Gifted, and Stanford EPGY. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Public Private Partnerships Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Private Partnerships - Coursework Example The government sometimes contribute to a PPP in a form other than cash or capital, it can transfer some of the already existing assets to the PPP. In certain types of PPP where the projects involve the creation of public goods for example in the infrastructure or say educational sector, the government sometimes provide a capital subsidy to the PPP in the shape of a one-time grant or something similar to make the PPP more attractive to private investors. The government support in some cases may be in the form of revenue subsidies provision which includes tax breaks or the removal of guaranteed annual revenues for a particular time period (Zheng, 2008). In the previous 2 decades, over 1400 PPP deals have been signed in the European Union which represent approximately â‚ ¬260 billion estimated capital value (Kappeler & Nemoz, 2010). However, the number of PPP deals has fallen by 40% since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2008 (Barlow, Roehrich, & Wright, 2010). The reduction in the number of public-private partnerships placed significant economic and financial strains on the respective governments which have come to heavily rely on PPPs as a significant mean for the delivery of long-term assets such as infrastructure and associated services [10]. Moreover, these reductions in PPPs have come at a time when investment in public-sector infrastructure is seen as an essential way of sustaining economic activity during the time of crisis [11]. In today’s world, the public-private partnerships provide a distinctive perspective on the mutual and network aspects of public management. The advancement of PPPs, both as an impression as well as a practice, is an outcome of public management, globalization pressures and the beginning of a state that is more strategic than bureaucratic.

End of Life policies in USA and other countries Thesis

End of Life policies in USA and other countries - Thesis Example Advance directives/Personal wills, life support, communication, and decision making are core to any EOL policies and care. Methods The literature review was carried out by Meta Analysis, using available publications, reviews, the WHO policies and guidelines for end-of-life care. The publications were mostly concerning the US, and developed countries where there are more defined and evidence based studies carried out in this area. Conclusions Any model of the best EOL care practice or policies is generally lacking .It might be argued that the lack of a fixed and coherent model is due to the relevance of issues in EOL, such as specific cultural settings, patient-centered needs, and family ethics and ethos. The clinical ethical dilemmas (e.g. withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment) has become quite difficult. However, it is desirable to have EOL policies adapt the model or policies to the specific needs and values of each patient, more than applying a fixed, although maybe comprehensive, model. Key Words: End of Life (EOL) Policies; Palliative Care; Health Care Introduction A large number of the people who die each year, of terminal disease and, old age, though the most vulnerable amongst all of us, do not have access to End-of Life (EOL) care or policies that could ease their suffering during final days of life particularly in developing countries. The clinical ethical dilemmas (e.g. withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment) are becoming more intriguing yet , ethics consultation remain primitive and poor. Palliative care an essential aspect of End-of life (EOL) policies, nevertheless, is not uniformly practiced across the world. Although the support of family and friends is incomparable, EOL care or policy an important public obligation is more than often lacking in majority of countries. According to the WHO(2011), â€Å"Palliative care as an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing problems asso ciated with life-threatening illness through prevention and relief from suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, and physical, psychosocial, and spiritual care†. Background Literature Review Dying persons encounter unique emotional and physical challenges that are associated with dying process, support of love ones is considered irreplaceable, however, EOL care is an important public obligation ( Wilson and Ross Kerr 1998). The importance of addressing the needs of dying persons has been felt for decades (Kubler-Ross, 1973). Clinical ethical dilemmas have become quite difficult due to advances in life-sustaining interventions, an aging society, cultural diversity, and other commercial issues. According to Jonsen et al (2002) clinical ethical dilemmas should be reviewed by considering: (1) medical indications, (2) patient preferences, (3) quality of life, and (4) contextual features. Approach and beliefs invo lved with death and dying vary among different cultures, religions and countries (Volts et al. 1998). Due to the different needs of cultural groups it is necessary to address those needs in providing end-of-life (EOL) care (McGrath 2001), (Doorenbos and Nies 2003) in all kinds of health care settings including home based, as a growing proportion of dying persons desire home-based EOL care (Burge et al. 2003). Burgeoning aging population has necessitated more

The Methods of Data Collection and Analysis Term Paper

The Methods of Data Collection and Analysis - Term Paper Example A researcher’s expertise, knowledge, and thoughts influence the research to a large extent.   There are several situations in which qualitative research is more suitable such as to gain better understanding of lesser know phenomenon, or gather more information or new viewpoints. Since there are no standardized methods of qualitative inquiry practitioners usually follow a generally accepted sequence of steps. The first step towards designing qualitative research is to ascertain the focus of the study and the objectives which should also be able to justify the need for a qualitative research paradigm. This is followed by the identification and location of the sample group and size. Data collection, recording, interpretation strategies and timeline also need to be planned ahead. Sampling in qualitative research is mostly done through purposive method so that a specific population is targeted to receive in-depth information and build a case study. Purposive sampling is also of many types such as snowball, convenience and needs to be decided according to the objectives of the research. Data collection techniques in qualitative research usually employ interview focus group discussions and observation methods as well as the secondary review of available data. Inter views are open ended and can be in the form of informal conversations, semi-structured or standardized interviews. On the other hand, observations provide rich data about respondents in their natural settings. It allows the researcher to interpret a lot of information about the subjects without them even being aware of. Observations also allow the opportunity to record verbal and non-verbal cues in given settings, situations and among other people. At times, a researcher may also become a participant and get involved in the groups activities to gain insider knowledge about he subjects, especially when studying cultures. In addition to conducting first hand interviews and observations, review of documents, reports, notes or published data effectively supplements data collection efforts. Literature review also forms one of the first steps to gain more understanding of the area that needs to be researched.

No Child Left Behind Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Child Left Behind Act - Essay Example The strong and weak points of the law will be discussed in this paper in addition to the aforementioned information. When the NCLB was passed, a lot of politicians looked forward to its positive effects to the system of education in America considering all groups like the administrators, teachers, students and parents. In 2006, there have been positive reports about the act and heads have been nodding in approval to the statistics presented. The long term Nation’s Report Card results in 2005 claims that achievements in Math and Reading of elementary students reached the highest level and that achievement gaps were minimal (Ed.gov). The Department of Education gave similar reports on the statistics submitted in favor of the act and these were applauded during President George W. Bush’s 2008 State of the Union Address. He claimed that in 2007, fourth and eighth graders achieved the highest math scores on record, reading scores are on the rise and African-American and Hisp anic students posted all-time highs (Bush).

Political Science 419 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Science 419 - Essay Example This theory was later explicitly formulated in Marx’s Critique of Political Economy in 1859. He emphasized the major periods he perceived in history to begin with primitive communism, then slavery, feudalism and capitalism. He thought that eventually, these various stages in history would end in the stage of socialism (Marx). Karl Marx argued that socialism would provide economic equality, eradicate poverty and provide a utopian society where people could live in social solidarity. How to lay the foundation and eventually operate the structure of socialism that would abolish the so-called latest mode of production which is capitalism is something that Karl Marx wasn’t able to explain in details. Many disgruntled elements of a capitalist society have been attracted to Marx’s philosophy. They view the Marxian doctrine as the best way out of the cruel exploitations and dog-eat-dog jungle associated with the free enterprise economic system. Marx promises an It is in this regard that capitalism will survive even with the temperament of the economic environment. It is not too difficult to identify the dangerous features of Marxian philosophy. Marx downgrades a human being by regarding him as a mere material being. The root of Marxian philosophy is materialism. According to him, only matter matters. Nothing else exists but matter. Man is completely conditioned by the material facts of life. Thus, there is nothing sacred about human life. Every man is merely a pawn that can and should be sacrificed if the good of the communist party should so dictate. Marx’s vision of pure communism is the height of utopia and completely disregards the basic traits of human nature. It is indeed quite difficult to visualize ourselves as unselfish saints who will willingly work for the common good without being motivated by economic rewards. Man is not just a material being. He is both body and soul, flesh and spirit, mind and matter. An economic system is not something that

Who Won the War of 1812 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who Won the War of 1812 - Essay Example In fact, while the majority of Americans are familiar with the War of Independence and many can recite key events and turning points within it, few can do the same as regards the War of 1812, the second war with the British. Indeed, the War of 1812 appears to have been virtually ignored by historians. While determining the reasons for the aforementioned may be quite difficult, it can be argued that this is largely due to the fact that the war was inconclusive. In other words, not only does the war emerge as somewhat senseless but ended in a stalemate. A closer analysis of this particular conflict, however, exposes the aforementioned as a superficial understanding of the War of 1812. While it may have ended in a stalemate between the British and the American armies, an argument for the United States' victory can be made, both because of the Battle of New Orleans and the destruction of the Indian confederation. The War of 1812 was incited by nationalist sentiments and America's determined quest for independence. While the country had emerged victories from the American Revolution of 1783, Britain did not withdraw from the Great Lakes territory and provided the frontier Indians with quite significant backing against the American forces (Latimer, 2007).

Political Science 419 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Science 419 - Essay Example This theory was later explicitly formulated in Marx’s Critique of Political Economy in 1859. He emphasized the major periods he perceived in history to begin with primitive communism, then slavery, feudalism and capitalism. He thought that eventually, these various stages in history would end in the stage of socialism (Marx). Karl Marx argued that socialism would provide economic equality, eradicate poverty and provide a utopian society where people could live in social solidarity. How to lay the foundation and eventually operate the structure of socialism that would abolish the so-called latest mode of production which is capitalism is something that Karl Marx wasn’t able to explain in details. Many disgruntled elements of a capitalist society have been attracted to Marx’s philosophy. They view the Marxian doctrine as the best way out of the cruel exploitations and dog-eat-dog jungle associated with the free enterprise economic system. Marx promises an It is in this regard that capitalism will survive even with the temperament of the economic environment. It is not too difficult to identify the dangerous features of Marxian philosophy. Marx downgrades a human being by regarding him as a mere material being. The root of Marxian philosophy is materialism. According to him, only matter matters. Nothing else exists but matter. Man is completely conditioned by the material facts of life. Thus, there is nothing sacred about human life. Every man is merely a pawn that can and should be sacrificed if the good of the communist party should so dictate. Marx’s vision of pure communism is the height of utopia and completely disregards the basic traits of human nature. It is indeed quite difficult to visualize ourselves as unselfish saints who will willingly work for the common good without being motivated by economic rewards. Man is not just a material being. He is both body and soul, flesh and spirit, mind and matter. An economic system is not something that

Time is money Essay Example for Free

Time is money Essay Indeed, however the concepts of â€Å"time† and â€Å"money† are closely related, they are not equal. Some people complain about the lack of money, but do not know how to kill their time, while others earn decent amount of money, but cannot find a minute of free time. In the formula, â€Å"time is money† – there is great wisdom, which, however, is formulated too generally. As well as money, time is a resource. However, this is a unique resource. Time, unlike money, you cannot borrow, save, or pile it up for future use. Therefore, the problem is not how much time we have, but how we use it. People, who do not know how to manage their time, are in constant tension. Not surprisingly, the time it is never enough. Experienced businessmen say, â€Å"If you cannot manage your time, you will not be able to control anything else. † The rational organization of time can put in front of us a lot of problems, but at the same time open up tremendous prospects. People, who do not know how to manage their time, can to reflect on his past for hours and months, regretting missed opportunities. If you look objectively, it is quite pointless, because the past cannot be changed. All that we can do is to build our future. One who has wasted his time, and not studied, will not be able to pass in spite of being clever. So our success or failure depends on the right use of time. People have become famous and rich by making good use of time. Research workers and scientists use their time to improve the lot of human beings. By making proper use of their time, they become famous. So also merchants and professionals, who work hard, make a lot of money. They know how to make good use of their time. Knowing how precious time is we should never waste time, but make good use of it. Home Is Where the Heart Is I personally think that home is a small world where one lives according to his/her own rules. Its a place where you feel comfort, warmth and reliability. And I believe that its not the size of the place where you live that matters, but the way you feel about it. And if your house is not just a building for you but a place that you can call home, it means that you want to stay there as long as possible and its a place where you always want to return to. The importance of home is depicted in languages of all the nations: we say East or West, home is best , the English say My home is my castle. Home is a place that awakens the most pleasant feelings and high emotions in soul of every person. Always after a hard day I return home and think At last I came home. For me there is no place like home. Im sure that home of a person is as much a reflection of his personality, as the clothes he wears, the food he eats, the books he reads and the friends he spends his time with. Homes reflect the way of life and habits of their owners. Even after the first few minutes in our flat you can understand all hospitality and friendliness of this place and the family which lives there. Our flat is very warm and cosy, so it makes any person feel at home. Its the place where I wake up every morning to the refreshing smell of coffee from the kitchen and where every day of my life starts, thats why it is so important for me. My home, my sweet home Sometimes after a long journey I return home with such pleasure and happiness, that I feel myself like a baby that returns to its mother. I love every corner and every thing in my flat. My home is my fortress, it is my territory, my place where I feel good and comfortable. And nobody can disturb me here. If you are in Rome, do like Romans â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans do† is the famous axiom of St Ambrose, the very famous bishop of Milan in the 4th century. He advises that people should follow the traditional customs and decency of country where they choose to live. The knowledge about culture and customs of another country bring many benefits for immigrants. They can know the positive things they should do and the negative things they must avoid. This knowledge also makes them feel more freedom in a strange country. Nowadays, many people have been using this axiom as a motto to achieve the success in their life, especially immigrants and overseas students. However, some people do not agree with this axiom. This essay considers the statement and argues that it is correct. Some people from the opposition force are temporary visitors as overseas students or businessmen and they say it is not necessary for them to follow the customs and behaviour of their hosts. One of their reasons is since they are always busy with their works, they do not have enough time to learn all the customs and how to behave in the right way in other countries. Moreover, their time spends to study or work overseas is just about two or three years, so it is not matter whether they follow the customs and behaviour of the foreign countries where they live. However, both businessmen and overseas students cannot work or study without communication with local people. Overseas student often must contact with teacher and classmates, while businessmen often do business with local companies or local customers. Therefore, trying to get used to customs will help them to accommodate to new environment. Even if overseas students and businessmen just study and work for a short time in other countries, they still have to understand the local community. It is very helpful for their study and business. Moreover, following the custom shows the respect for local people, and it helps visitors receive the admiration from host. I agree to this statement but to some extent I disagree to this proverb. Every culture has their own ways of celebrating their happiness and sad moments. For example, in Indian culture, weddings are considered to be one of the biggest events in the family and it goes on for 3 days. If an american or British attends such events in traditional Indian wear and appreciates the culture, the local people will be more than happy to accept them and involve them in every rituals. Similarly if an Indian attends an american or British wedding happily like other american and British people, the locals will be delighted and they will accept Indian culture openly. Every culture has its positive and Negative aspects. We should accept the positive aspects , however, the negative aspect can not be ignored. Some cultures are very strict and sensitive about their religion and their way of life. For example, Muslims follow their religion strictly and their religion prohibits consumption of pork in their food. Their sentiments should be respected and they should not be offered pork in their meals. However, accepting and following other culture is a threat to our own culture as well. we tend to lose our own traditions and beliefs in an attempt to follow and embrace other cultures. Future generation will not learn their real tradition and culture and in this process, there is a chance that we will lost our own values.

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme to Prevent Falls

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme to Prevent Falls This chapter deals with the information collected in relation to the present study through published and unpublished materials for foundation, to prepare and to carry out the research work. SECTION A: Reviews related to need of exercise programme SECTION B: Reviews related to effect of age on balance SECTION C: Reviews related to effect of exercise on balance A: Reviews related to needs of exercise programme. Gardner, M.M.et al., (2000) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme in preventing falls. The design used for this study was controlled clinical trials. A total of 4933 older adults were participated, including both Men and women.11 trials met the criteria for inclusion, in which 8 of them were separate exercise interventions. Out of 8, five of them showed a significant reduction in falls rate. The conclusion of this study was, exercise is effective in reducing the fall risk in selected groups. Faber, MJ.et al.,(2006) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on mobility and falls among prefrail and frail older people. The design used for this study was multicenter randomized controlled study. The setting of the study was 15 long term care centers in Amsterdumin Netherland. 278 men and women (mean age ±SD, 85 ±6y) were included in the study. Exercise programmes were randomly distributed across 15 Homes. Each home participant was assigned to an intervention group and control group. The main outcome measures were performance oriented mobility assessment, physical performance score, and the Groningen activity restriction scale. Fall incidence was higher in control group 2.5 falls/year, but in case of experimental group2.4 falls/year. The conclusion of this study was fall incidences were higher in elderly people, who didn’t undergo exercise programme as compared to experimental group. Sherrington,C.et al.,(2008) conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis among old age people to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on falls and to find out any particular components are associated with reduction in falls. The design used for this study was systematic review with Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials that compaired falls rate in older people of both experimental group and control group. The pooled estimate effect of exercise was that it reduces the incidence of falls rate by 17% with 95% confidence interval p Theou, O.et al., (2011) conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of current exercise programme on frailty management. The study design was systematic review. For the randomized controlled trial 8 electronic databases were searched, which helps to identify the participants were frail either in title, abstract, text, or in exercise. Three of the 47 studies utilized a validated definition of fragility to categorize the participants. Evidence suggested that exercise had a positive impact on functional ability outcomes. Cadore, E.L. et al., (2013) conducted a study to review the effect of exercise on functional ability of frail older adults. The study mainly focused on falls rate, lower body strength, and gait and balance. The data were collected from science direct, Medline from 1990-2012.Twenty studies were investigated, in that ten trials were mainly regarding the effect of exercise on balance performance and seven of them showed enhanced balance. As conclusion the authors says that there was great significance in multicomponent exercise intervention on gait ability, balance, strength, and reduction of falls rate among physically frail older adults. Fairhall,G., et al., (2006) conducted a study to examine the perspectives of older people in a community falls prevention programme. The design used for this study was grounded theory approach. The intervention was based on 2 hour sessions, which took place in a community group setting once a week for 7 weeks. The cohorts of the older people were recruited through editorials in local papers and from mail shots. The volunteering older persons were to be more than 70 years, with previous history of falls or have concerned about falling. Participants were interviewed after 3 months following the fall prevention programme. The participants were able to recall all the aspect of content learning during the programme. From those interventions, exercise was the only beneficial and enjoyable intervention to the participants. The conclusion of the study reveals that exercise is one of an important fall prevention programme. Seoa B.D et al., (2008) conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of resistance and balance exercise for the reduction of fall risk among elderly females above the age group of 65 years. The design adopted for the study was single blind controlled trial, conducted for 12 weeks with pre and post exercise assessment. Ninety-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: resistance-training group, balance training group, and control group. The first two group showed significant improvement in balance as compared to control group after the intervention(p Debolt, L.S et al., (2004) conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of home based resistance exercise programme on mobility, power and balance in people with multiple sclerosis. The study was conducted in general community. The design used for this study was experimental group design. The sample size was twenty seven.19 of them were women and 8 of them were men.The group randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Experimental group underwent resistance exercise programme and control group for normal physical activity. The results of the study assessed by using, mobility assessment with the Up and Go test scale and leg extensor power rig. According to pretest score 3.19 and for posttest score was 3.95. So the authors concluded that home based resistance exercise training is effective to improve the leg extensor power within a short period of time. B: Reviews related to the effects of age on balance Teimoori,A.et al., (2012) conducted a study to examine the age at which loss of muscle velocity, balance in adult healthy Iranian Females.928 Iranian female participated in this study. They were in the age group of 20-26 years. The participants were divided in to four age groups. Balance ,velocity were assessed for each group according to the age group and timed by digital stop watch. The study showed that, between the age group of 23-30 years the muscle velocity and balance were same. But in case of 40 age group balance and muscle velocity were declined. By using one way ANOVA test balance and muscle velocity were differed with pnd and 3rddecades.The authors identified that age, balance, and muscle velocity had significant relationship with aging Tiffani E et al., (2006) conducted a study to examine the association between measures of dynamic and static balance and performance of mobility task in elderly people of Western Carolina University. The design used was cross sectional analysis. The subjects were 195 community dwelling participants. Associations between balance and mobility measures were examined by using correlation and regression. Dynamic and static balance were moderately associated(r=-.462).Regression age and balance were significant predictors of walking speed outcome. The authors concluded that, assessment of dynamic and static balance is an important, to know the physical functioning and mobility of elderly people. Abrahamova,D. et al., conducted a study to examine aspects of balance control changes with age. The subjects participated for the study was between the age group (20-82).Centre of foot pressure positions used to evaluate body sway during a 50 second interval. Seven cop parameters were used to assess quiet stance and were analyzed in three groups. The regression analysis showed evident increase of body sway over 60 years of age. The normality of distribution of each cop parameter was examined by using the Kolmogorov –smirnov test. Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the differences between the age groups, if not normally distributed. If the cop parameters were normally distributed than two ways. ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between the age groups. The level of significance was set at p Gomes,M.M al., (2012) conducted a study to analyze the postural control at different age. The aim of the study is to evaluate static and dynamic balance as well as the pattern of muscle activation in elderly women from different age groups. A total of 57 women, divided in to 3 groups according to their age. Group 1(n) =17, group2 (n) =20, group3 (n) =20.The center of pressure were analyzed. According to the age group, the participants showed similar displacement and muscle activation during static posture and dynamic posture. As by conclusion, the study proved that aging had an influence on balance and posture among elderly group. Osama, B et al., (2004) conducted a study on 30 normal elderly individuals and 40 normal young adults between the age group of (20-40) years. The purpose of this study was to know the balance in elderly, and to compare postural stability, balance control and gait pattern in normal elderly persons to those of normal young adults. All participants were subjected to history taking, full routine balance test and functional test. When comparing the balance scales there was a significant difference between the two groups were noticed. (p=0.005).From this study, the results proved that there was a significant decrease in scores of different balance scales in elderly persons compared to young adults, besides that there was significant decrease in percent of maximum stability and was lesser in older subjects as compared to younger subjects C: Reviews related to effect of exercise on balance Knerl,CJ et al.,(2009) conducted a study to examine the effect of 6 weeks of balance training and strength training on dynamic balance in older adults.51 seniors were participated.(17male and 34 females) between the age group of 60 and 93 years. Participants were divided in to 4 groups. 3 treatment groups and one control group. Each group were tested on measures of dynamic balance, flexibility and strength before and after 6 weeks of the exercise programme by using the outcome measures like Fullerton advanced balance scale. Repeated ANOVA’S shows that upper body strength and lower body flexibility including balance increased significantly (p Gusi,et al., (2013) conducted a study to determine the effects of balance training protocol with the balance system in institutionalized older people. 40 older adults were involved in study. The experimental group completed 12 week balance training protocol,2 sessions per week. Both the groups ‘received the same multidisciplinary care. The outcome measures were dynamic balance with the use of fall risk scale. The outcome measures were measured before and after the intervention. As compaired to control group, the experimental group had greater improvement at 12 weeks in case of dynamic balance. By conclusion the authors says that exercise programme was feasible on dynamic balance in institutionalized older people. More, T.S, Rao, K., et al., (2012) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of 10 weeks of balance and strength training on dynamic balance of older adults. The study design was randomized controlled trial consists of 52 older adults between the age group of (60-75) years with having poor balance and strength. They were divided in to strength training group (Group A), balance training group (Group B) and combination group(Group C).The duration of the training programme was 10 weeks. Outcome measures used were berg balance scale and senior fitness scale. Within the group statistical analysis done by using paired t test within the groups, which shows that marked improvement in all age groups with (p Ullumen, G et al., (2010) conducted a study to examine the effects of exercise in improving balance, balance confidence and mobility in elderly people. The design used for this study was randomized control trial. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental group(n=25) and control group(n=22).The experimental group were attended 5 week of exercise programme,60 minutes 3 times per week. The outcome measures were (timed up and go), balance confidence scale, falls efficacy scale. Pretest and post test were conducted. After the intervention, in experimental group balance (p=0.030) and mobility (p=0.042) were increased, while fear of falling (p=0.042) decreased significantly. The participants of experimental group showed improvements in balance confidence (p=0.054).As by conclusion the researchers suggests that exercises are an effective way to improve mobility and balance, thus by reducing the risk of falling among community –dwelling elderly people. Zamanian, F., (2011) conducted a study to investigate the effects of balance exercise training on fall risk and postural control among older adults especially women.40 elderly people were participated in this study. The static balance and fall risk were measured by using Tandem and semi-tandem test, berg balance scale questionare.The subjects were divided in to experimental group and control group. Experimental group underwent 8 weeks of exercise programme. The control group didn’t participate in any of training programme. Outcome measures were analyzed after the intervention. Comparison was carried out by using paired t test and independent t test and correlation analyzed by Pearson correlation. After balance training the ability of older women in semi tandem and in tandem position was (p=0.007) and (p=0.02) respectively. So from this study, the authors concluded that balance control improves the postural control and reduces the risk of fall in older women (p=0.001). Helbostard, JL et al., (2004) conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of home training exercises on functional abilities of old aged people with functional disabilities and balance problems. The design adopted for this Study was randomized trial with 77 persons aged 75 or more than that. Home training and combined training group were included in this study, for a period of 12 weeks. The exercises, rate of falls and balance functions were assessed with the outcome measures like Timed up and Go test, Maximum step length and timed pick up and sit to stand(p Bird, M et al.,(2009) conducted a study to examine the long term effects of a multicomponent exercise on balance ,mobility, and exercise behavior among healthy older adults between the age group of (65-75) years. The design used for the study was randomized control intervention. The duration of the study was 12 months. Differences between those subjects, who continued to exercise and those who discontinued were investigated. The subjects who continued exercise had significantly greater improvement in strength after the intervention as compaired to those who discontinued. (p=0.004) Bird, M.L et al., (2012) conducted a study to evaluate the effects of a Pilates intervention on balance and function among community dwelling older adults above 60 years. The design used was randomized cross over study for 16 weeks, conducted in university exercise clinic. Community dwelling older adults (n=32) were selected. Out of 32, 27 were completed the intervention. Participants were allocated to either 5 weeks of a group Pilates training intervention for experimental group and 5 weeks of usual activity for control. After the 6 week, subjects performed alternate intervention. The outcome measures were 4 square test and Timed up and Go test. The results revealed that there was a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance from pre post Pilates (p Bulat, T et al (2007) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of group functional balance training on balance outcomes in community dwelling elderly people. The study was conducted in Haley Veterans hospital in USA. The research design adopted for this study was one group pretest post-test. The participated study subjects were 51.These study subjects were participated in functional balance training programme once in a week and it lasts for a period of eight weeks.1 hour classes were conducted weekly ones.84% of elderly people were completed five or more classes weekly. The outcome measures were evaluated by using berg balance scale, Limits of stability, before and after the balance training classes. The result of the study reveals that, there was a significant improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (p

The Character of Joness Daughter in Williams’ Taking Care :: Williams Taking Care Essays

Two Works Cited In the short story, "Taking Care", by Joy Williams, a preacher deals learns to deal with his wife being in the hospital with a rare blood disease as well as taking care of his granddaughter while his daughter is away. His daughter, playing only a small role in the story, is still a rather round character. The author, Williams, depicts the characteristics of Jones's daughter very carefully through her actions. Although Jones's daughter is not a main character in this story, she does add various ideas for the reader to think about while reading the short story. Her characteristics and mannerisms are that of superficiality, selfishness, irresponsibility, and capriciousness. These characteristics are displayed continuously throughout the story. Jones's daughter exhibits superficiality through actions. The text reads, "Jones's daughter has fallen in with the stars and is using the heavens, as Jones would be the first to admit, more than he ever has. It has however, brought her only grief and confusion"(93). These two sentences imply that she is superficial. They are saying that she uses the stars to determine what her future is rather than thinking realistically and creating her own future. Even when this dependency of hers fails her, in her mind, she still relies on astrology for her future. Her leaving unopened records of prestigious composers with Jones as she left shows her superficiality once more (95). In addition to being superficial, Jones's daughter is also a very selfish person. She left her husband, left her 6-month-old daughter, and her dog with her father and took off for Mexico (93). This is a selfish act because she has a total disregard for her father's lifestyle and for the hardship he is going through with his wife in the hospital. She does not consider that this would be an inconvenience for her father. Her selfishness is again shown by the fact that she has a total disrespect for the differences of life styles between she and her father. This is shown in the text readings, "His daughter speaks about the men she has been involved with but no longer cares about," and the previous sentence, " Naturally this pains Jones," speaking of the fact that his daughter was having an affair with an older man (95). She is also selfish in the fact that while her mother is in the hospital almost dying, she is, "walking along the beach in Mexico with two men", and even when her mother comes home from the hospital, she is, " in Mexico wandering disinterestedly through a jewelry shop" (96,98).

The Cold War :: History, USSR, The Space Race

Imagine a world where everyone has nothing, this was the USSR during the Cold War. The Cold War was a 40 yearlong war between the USA and the USSR. The US and the USSR never had any direct contact, but what they did do was have "races". These "races† were the Nuclear Arms race and the Space race. The Nuclear Arms race was not so much an arms race as it was a defense race. This is because with both sides have nuclear bombs, both of them would have enough bomb power to retaliate (Hart 440) The Space Race was, as the name says, a race to see who could get up in space first. Amazingly nuclear arms helped fuel man to get up in space. The Cold War was a war between the USSR and the US. Even though they never fought directly there were many wars between democracy and communism. Most of the wars between 1950-1990 were part of the Cold War (BrianPOP). For example, the Korean War (1950-1953) and the Vietnam Conflict (1955-1975) are two well-known wars that happened because of communism. (Wikipedia). The Korean War was a war fought between North and South Korea. North Korea was Communist and Soviet backed, while South Korea was part of the UN (Dolan 9). Like the Korean War the Vietnam Conflict was a war fought between North and South Vietnam. Also like the Korean War the South was democratic while the north was communist (Wikipedia). Some of the wars fought between Communism and Democracy happened in a smaller scale. For example, in Germany 1938, the Soviet Union limited transport into the city of Berlin. Germany at this time was split into two sections, Democratic and Communism. The French, British, and America controlled the West, while Russia controlled the East (HowStuffWorks). The city of Berlin was divided between the two sections, East and West Berlin. In 1938, Stalin stopped transport into the city by putting up blockades, blocking all roads and railroads that led out of the city (Hart 438). Stalin was doing this to starve out the Allies so they would get out of the city. The Allies didn’t move, but what they did do was fly planes into the city of Berlin and dropped off food and supplies (Hart 438). Ten months later Stalin gave up on the blockade and took it down (Hart 438). During the Cold War, Berlin was hit again by the influences of Stalin.

How does Shakespeare develop character, plot and theme in Act 3 scene 4 of Macbeth? Essay

In this essay, I will answer the question â€Å"How does Shakespeare develop character, plot and theme in Act 3 scene 4 of ‘Macbeth’?† by divulging into ‘Macbeth’ written by Shakespeare. ‘Macbeth’ is a play with issues such as power, villainy, assassination, deceit and chaos, which are epitomize during Act 3 scene 4 of ‘Macbeth’. This scene is where all the issues group together to form a scene of evilness of human. Macbeth was a knight at the start, became the Thane of Cawdor and assassinated King Duncan to thrust himself to power. Although he regretted for murdering King Duncan since Lady Macbeth encouraged him to murder Duncan. â€Å"He that’s coming must be provided for, and you shall put this night’s great business into my dispatch, which shall to all our nights and days to come give solely sovereign sway and masterdom.† (Lines 64 to 67, Act 1 Scene 6) Lady Macbeth used veiled words because she was afraid that direct language would make Macbeth refuse to act. This is evidence for Macbeth was originally a kind and not ambitious person, however, after Lady Macbeth’s persuasion he decided to kill King Duncan. After Macbeth became King, he send assassin to murder Banquo. During the banquet, he received the news of Banquo’s death but Banquo’s son managed to escape. â€Å"Here had we now our country’s honour roofed, were the graced person of our Banquo present.†(Lines 40-41, Act 3 scene 4) This quote made by Macbeth means if only Banquo were here, all the nobility of Scotland would be under our roof. In addition, it shows he pretended he did not know Banquo had been murdered and to show the Scottish Lords his kindness and respect to Banquo even he is the King now. However, when Banquo’s ghost suddenly appeared in front of him but no one could see Banquo’s ghost. Macbeth was terrified and astonished because he was the only one who knew Banquo is already dead. â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it; never shake the gory locks at me?†(Lines 50-51, Act 3 scene4) First, it is extremely awkward that the King suddenly say something weird that does not relate to the dinner. Additionally, from the Scottish lords’ view, Macbeth seems had done something bad and trying to hide it from them which created a feeling of chaos and unsafe. Furthermore, it is a sign that Macbeth is not suitable to be a King. â€Å"Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that which might appal the devil† (Lines 58-59, Act 4 scene4) â€Å"Avaunt and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes† (Lines 93-95, Act 3 scene4) I personally would believe Macbeth was mad even though his wife was trying to persuade people this is normal and all the things he said are like hints that he had murdered someone who we do not know and he is back. In my opinion, no guests would expect this from Macbeth because he had never behaved in this weird way and he is very brave man since he had killed many people in battles. Lady Macbeth was a dominant character. She was portrayed as ambitious, greedy to power by Shakespeare. When Lady Macbeth was first introduced in the play, she was reading a letter from Macbeth, which was describing the three weird sisters’ prophecy. â€Å"He brings great news† (Lines 36, Act1 scene5) At this point, her only concern was whether Macbeth is capable of fulfilling the prophecy and certainly, she would grab hold of this chance to persuade Macbeth to do it in order to satisfy her hunger to power. The following quotes made by Lady Macbeth states how she criticizes Macbeth. â€Å"If we should fail?†(Macbeth, Lines 58, Act 1 scene7) â€Å"We fail?†(Lady Macbeth, Lines 59, Act 1 scene 7) The quote made by Lady Macbeth shows she believes her husband should become ambitious and be confidence. In addition, Lady Macbeth did not insult Macbeth because this would only make Macbeth feel even worst of him. At this point, she was disappointed by Macbeth since she could not believe her husband did not show any determination to make use of this excellent chance to kill King Duncan and fulfill the prophecy and to satisfy her hungriness to power. â€Å"And live a coward in thine own esteem, letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon I would† (Lady Macbeth, line 43, Act 1 scene 7) â€Å"I have given suck and know how tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this.† (Lady Macbeth, Line 54-59, Act 1 scene 7) Furthermore, due to emotions Macbeth is feeling at this point, he tells his wife the couple will â€Å"will proceed no further in this business†, which explains the assassination would not happen due to the respect King Duncan had recently showed him, he was not willing to carry out the plan. This frustrates Lady Macbeth and leads her using another tactic to persuade Macbeth to stand on her side. Example of another tactic is calling Macbeth as a coward, and informs him she would rather kill a newborn baby rather than break a promise like the one Macbeth has to her. On the other hand, she had tried to cover up for Macbeth even though she did not know what exactly was happening to Macbeth. The following quote made by Lady Macbeth shows her solicitude to Macbeth even Macbeth did not tell her Banquo’s death which states he did not trust her wife. â€Å"Sit, worthy friends. My lord is of often thus, and hath been from his youth. Pray you keep seat.†(Lines 53-54, Act 3 scene4) â€Å"I pray you speak not; he grows worse and worse. Question enrages him. At once, good night. Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once.†(Lines 118-121, Act 3 scene 4) These two quotes are major piece of evidence, which suggest Lady Macbeth was putting huge amount of effort to cover for Macbeth and this shows she really loved him and she knew there is something that Macbeth had done but has not informed her yet which is a hint for Macbeth no longer trusted Lady Macbeth. The Scottish lords were playing a less important role in the play compared to Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. However, they were still important since they represent the Scottish government. Macduff and Ross were the two key lords in the play since they were suspicious about Macbeth (apart from Banquo). â€Å"Is’t known who did this more than bloody deed?†(Ross, line20, Act 2 Scene4) â€Å"Those that Macbeth hath slain.† (Macduff, Line 21, Act2 scene4) A supportive quote made by Macduff, which supports that Macbeth is suspicious because Macduff did not assume any other people killed King Duncan but only assumed Macbeth murdered King Duncan. Moreover, the following quote shows he dislike Macbeth. â€Å"Will you to Scone?†(Ross, Line 35, Act2 Scene4) â€Å"No, cousin, I’ll to Fife.†(Macduff, Line36, Act 2 Scene4) An extremely supportive evidence from Macduff to support argue that Macbeth was the murderer because Macduff did not want to go to the Scone and instead he would like to go to Fife. Under normal circumstances, all the lords would attend to this kind of important ceremony but Macduff had chosen to ignore it which is out of order. In my opinion, at this point of the play Macduff seems to be suspicious about Macbeth. This is mainly due to the worsen friendship between Macbeth and Macduff since Macbeth killed the guards who look related to Duncan’s death without allowing anyone to ask them a question and the guards were the only clue for King Duncan’s death. This leads other people to think why Macbeth just killed the guards who were drunk and had bloody daggers in their hand. As a result, Macbeth became suspicious to Duncan’s death. From a third person’s view, Macbeth seems to be trying to cover the truth. In addition, during the Banquet Macbeth suddenly saw a ghost of a bloody man and he was terrified about this which is unusual because he used to be a general therefore he would not be afraid of dead people. This made Macbeth became even more suspicious because after he became King, disorders and chaos has been consecutively occurring. Additionally, the lords would wonder the relationship between Macbeth and a ghost of bloody man because they would worry if Macbeth were the suitable one for this position. The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth was complex and hard to analysis because it has been changing throughout the play. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth was introduced as a kind and loving wife, who underneath was a scheming and deceitful person. She received a letter from Macbeth about the weird sisters’ prophecy. â€Å"It is too full o’th’milk of Human Kindness to catch the nearest way.†(Line 15, Act 1 scene 5) Lady Macbeth would like to take the fastest route to royalty by murdering King Duncan, however she knew Macbeth is not ready for this since recent respect from King Duncan makes Macbeth loyal to King Duncan. Additionally, they are friends and Duncan is a good King therefore there was no reason to kill him. â€Å"Wouldst thou have that which thou esteem’s the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem.†(Line 41-43, Act1 Scene7) She called Macbeth a coward that live in thine own esteem because she is deeply desire to gain more power and the only way is to be queen but this needs Macbeth to cooperate with her, however, Macbeth was not ready to murder King Duncan. Therefore, she insulted her husband to intimidate her husband to satisfy her own need. At this point, their relationship is poor because Lady Macbeth was forcing her own husband to do something he was really willing to do. Immediately after the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth was remorseful and frightened. When she heard Macbeth was talking about his bloody hands, she says: â€Å"My hands are of your color, but I shame to wear a heart so white.†(Lines 68, act 2 scene 2) This is evidence that Lady Macbeth was on the same side as Macbeth as she meant her hands are red too, but she was not regretful as she said she would be ashamed to have a heart so white. In act 3 scene 2, we know that Macbeth have not been communicating as well as before Duncan’s death, because Lady Macbeth had to ask the servant to call for Macbeth therefore she could talk to him. When Lady Macbeth asks, â€Å"what’s to be done†, Macbeth did not want to tell her and since he did not want his wife to get further involvement in this mess. Therefore, he replied: â€Å"Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest Chuck.†(Lines 45, Act 3 Scene2) This quote can be evidence for both side arguments. The first side is Macbeth did not trust his wife anymore therefore he refused to let her know anything. On the other hand, Macbeth really loved his wife and he attempts to protect her from this mess. In my own view, he did not trust Lady Macbeth because it was she who encouraged him to get rid of King Duncan and disorders and chaos had been brought in. After Lady Macbeth had asked all the guests to get out in the last part of Act 3 scene 4, I believe Lady Macbeth was in charge because she asked Macbeth all the questions and Macbeth answered all of them. At last, he listened to his wife to go to sleep. â€Å"You lack the season of all natures, sleep† (line 141, Act 3 Scene 4) â€Å"Come, we’ll to sleep.† (Line 142, Act 3 Scene4) They started to cooperate again, which is a signal that their relationship is developing because they both helped each other out in the banquet. If Lady Macbeth did not love Macbeth so much she would not in an attempt to restore order and made him act normal again. Nevertheless, she could do that for other reasons. Such as she might be more worried about Macbeth leaked out the secret about Duncan’s death than Macbeth mental health state. In Act 5 Scene 1, Lady Macbeth said she could see Duncan’s blood on her hands and tries to wash it off, but nothing could was it away. â€Å"Here’s the smell of the blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia would not sweeten this little hand.†(Line 43, Act 5 Scene 1) This could made by Lady Macbeth is a strong evidence to show her she is mad because no one could see the blood and only she could. Additionally, she had been suffering from this for a period. Afterward, she committed suicide because she could not cope with the guilt of murdering King Duncan. There are many different themes. The most famous one is order/chaos and followed by the difference between the false and the real. In Act 3 Scene 4, as the banquet begin the lords were told to sit down in order because it is a formal dinner. However, during the process, Macbeth went crazy because he said he saw a ghost of a bloody man, which is odd. At the end, all of the guests were told to get out as soon as possible but all in once. The banquet had started in order, finished in chaos. This is a demonstration of the Kingdom because when King Duncan was ruling everything was normal, no chaos but when Macbeth ruled the country chaos and disorders were brought in since he had to hide the truth but he was becoming more suspicious and therefore he killed all the people who he believes is trying to get rid of him. At last, blood will only bring in more blood. An example for difference between false and the real is whether Banquo’s ghost is ‘real’. This depends on the director to decide to bring on a Ghost or not. Of all the characters on stage, only Macbeth could see the Ghost. The advantage of an invisible Ghost is the audience will know what is actually happening instead of guessing what Macbeth is doing on the stage. However, the downside is as the ghost supposed to be invisible, so no one should able to see and this includes the audience. Another tricky question of putting on a visible ghost is what does he wear and how does he move?